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Citing Sources Parenthetical Citations

What is the format for parenthetical citation? This in-text referencing system directs readers to a "Works Cited" list at the end of the book, chapter, article, or paper. The text reference usually includes an author name and location in the text being cited. Examples: Native peoples have little to lose by adopting these practices (Johnson, par. 3). Viviano sees advantages in this line of defense (3-4). Buddhist organizations have taken a somewhat different approach...(Inada, par. 2). How to do parenthetical citations The purpose of parenthetical references is to give credit to sources that you use. Cite direct quotations, paraphrases, ideas peculiar to an author, case studies, statistics, and graphics, such as maps, charts, diagrams, and scientific research results. Place citations directly after the quotation or paraphrase. Include only the author's last name and page number(s) in parentheses at the end of the sentence: (Smith 145). Include only the author's last name and page number(s) in parentheses at the end of the sentence: (Smith 145). Use the name of the source as listed on the works-cited page if no author or editor is credited: (Webster's Dictionary 1990). If the author's name appears in the same sentence as the cited material include only the page number: (145).